Titration lab essays

Titration lab expositions The investigation of corrosive base titrations includes thought of the reactants which happen among acids and bases. For this reason, it is helpful to recognize solid and frail acids and bases. The term solid for the most part alludes to a substance which is totally separated into its segment particles in an answer, while frail by and large alludes to a substance which is just in part separated. The guideline of this investigation was to see whether the name on the jug of vinegar was effectively showing the percent mass of acidic corrosive as 5 percent through titration. Titration includes the procedure, activity, or strategy for deciding the centralization of a substance in arrangement by adding to it a standard reagent of known focus in deliberately estimated sums until a response of distinct and realized extent is finished, as appeared by a shading change or by electrical estimation, and afterward computing the obscure fixation. In this test the method of titration was utilized to decide the convergence of arrangements of acids and bases. Via completing this procedure, centralization of the obscure arrangement can be determined. In this lab, vinegar was added to a carafe, just as the shading pointer phenolphthalein, and NaOH was included gradually until the measure of moles of base and corrosive were proportional. From this the grouping of vinegar was resolved, just as the percent arrangement of acidic corrosive, demonstrating that vinegar unmistakably is 5 percent acidic corrosive. The Phenolphthalein marker is pink in essential arrangement, drab in corrosive. We apportioned three 25.0-mL tests of the obscure corrosive arrangement (recording the exact estimation of the volume each time), and put two drops of phenolphthalein in each. We than filled the buret to approach the top with the standard NaOH arrangement and record the underlying level. After that we gradually added NaOH to the corrosive arrangement, being mindful so as to turn it ... <!

Operations Management Cds Free Essays

Not just new machines gave high radioactivity, it permitted creation expenses to be low and CDC focused on littler embellishment organizations. New huge multi-depression shaping machines utilized I Small infusion forming machines implied little assortment of items must be materiality of items can be made at short notification Variety of items can be made at short notification Although creation gets adaptable, the disadvantage of this Is the intricacy of changing molds on enormous machines that prompts a drawn out procedure. Exchanging Is steady and creation process turns out to be a greater amount of routine work. We will compose a custom article test on Activities Management Cds or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now I Variation is high as they have same agreements to take arranges so they know what’s items was acceptable and conveyance channels were fantastic. Conveyance channels re great yet cost has brought about in expedited service made by CDC rather than client. Circulation channels are acceptable yet cost has acquired in expedited service made by CDC rather than client. I Having issues of getting use to sub-contracting and perceiving on what ‘standards of value there ought to be in their items I According to the ‘Four Vs.’ examination and Hayes and Wheelwright’s four phases of operational commitment (appeared in reference section 1), CDC have moved from ‘stage 2’ that is Externally Neutral to ‘stage 3’ of being Internally strong by actualizing another methodology from moving from center items to idea items. CDC were at that point famous with center items so their past tasks were giving a reasonable commitment to the association. The Volume’ in the four Vs.’ examination has expanded operational abilities yet to a limited degree as there still is a disadvantage of no arranging in deal estimates and creation time squandered in evolving molds. Every region in the ‘Four Vs. investigation is the thing that really contributed in CDC to actualize another procedure. Tasks occurring at CDC permit CDC to expand upon their ‘stage 2’ technique as per Hayes and Wheelwrights four phases (see index 1). Positive figures, for example, increment profitability and wide assortment of items prompts more yields and results in increment in net revenues. Without the activity key change their profitability would not be ‘600%’ higher. As indicated by Hayes and Wheelwright CDC are attempting to ‘implement’ the best practice they can discover by keeping creation expenses to a negligible yet additionally delivering enormous volumes productively. CDC ought to this degree remain on the ‘stage 3’ technique as they must be likewise careful about the outer activities occurring, for example, the rivals in the market. There has o be a comprehension with where the market is proceeding to evaluate its activity execution targets at a standard level inside and remotely. The most effective method to refer to Operations Management Cds, Essays

How to Minimize Family Conflict During the Holidays

How to Minimize Family Conflict During the Holidays Stress Management Situational Stress Print How to Handle Family Conflict and Holiday Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on February 10, 2020 Purestock / Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress The holidays present many wonderful opportunities to bond with family, but this time of year can also present significant stress, particularly when family conflict arises. Some conflict can come from having to decide which relatives to see if any. Tips for Handling Family Conflict and Stress During the Holidays Here are some ways to divide up your time over the holidays and handle conflicts and holiday stress that may arise. Take Turns With Relatives If you and your spouse both want to celebrate with your families of origin, if youre dealing with a divorce situation where not everybody wants to celebrate together or if you just have a lot of family, it can be stressful deciding who to see, and when. Taking turns is an easy solution. If you see one group in November, see the other in December, or alternate years. Then you can eventually see everybody. Host Celebrations at Your House If the stress of traveling each year is more than youd like to handle, you may want to have family over to your home for the holidays. This is also a good solution when you have too many groups or relatives to take turns seeing: invite everyone to celebrate together, and you will get to see everyone more often. While hosting the celebration at your home may not work in every situation, it can help to build bonds between groups of relatives that may not know one another very well. Be Prepared for Some Conflict If you usually have conflict when you get together with your family, its a good idea to be prepared for it. Im not suggesting that you go looking for trouble, but rather, approach the situation with a sense of realism. If your mother always criticizes your appearance or your brother always makes rude jokes, dont expect them to change their habits; just aim to have a sense of humor about it and remind yourself what you love about them. Just Say No to It All If seeing family causes you great amounts of stress each year, its okay to say no sometimes. Celebrating with just your partner or kids can be a wonderful alternative to seeing people who make you feel consistently stressed. Surround Yourself With Friends Many a happy holiday has been formed by groups of people who have decided to celebrate with friends instead of family. Whether youre unable to travel (or have family who is), or for some other reason find yourself without kin, celebrating with other people you know who are also without family for the day can be a great way to bond with friends and enjoy the spirit of the season.

Ndi. In Sharp Contrast To South Africa, Burundi Officially

NDI In sharp contrast to South Africa, Burundi officially holds the ICC as a ‘Western tool to target African governments’. This allegation of institutional political bias is not a new one but has gained ground in recent times with nine out of ten situations being currently investigated by the office of the prosecutor being in Africa (Mali, Cote D’ Ivoire, Central African Republic, Libya, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo). Georgia is the only country outside Africa facing such an investigation. The ICC’s inability to try heads of state of any of the P5 countries or even launch preliminary investigations against them for acts of impunity has bolstered the notion of substantial unfairness and geopolitical prejudice in the†¦show more content†¦Since 1994, The Gambia has been under the rule of President Yahya Jammeh, who exercises full control over the military and those critical of government policies have been at the receiving end of state excesses. With its questionable human rights track record, including the crackdown on political opponents, The Gambia sooner than later faced the prospect of emerging as a contender for an ICC investigation (Joseph, 2016). While efforts have been made to portray the withdrawal of South Africa, Burundi and The Gambia from the ICC as a response to ingrained geopolitical prejudice against the African continent, a closer examination reveals that domestic considerations, including the possibility of imminent prosecution, play a key role in ICC pull-outs. The African continent is not a monolithic entity with many different nations appreciating the role of the ICC as a defender and a safeguard in the fight against impunity. Also, closer coordination with the ICC is viewed as a desirable value to be pursued. However, the perception of a bias against Africa is a strong one with robust justifications as well and the ball is in the ICC’s court to weed out any trace of geo-institutional prejudice which would be fatal in the struggle against global impunity (Miyandazi et al 2016). RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The international criminal court needs to show that it is open and impartial in its role in the fight against impunity in the world not only in

A Brief Note On The United States Army Most Soldiers

In the United States Army most Soldiers want to know if they can have trust in their Non Commissioned Officers , and they can if they are treated right and the Non Commissioned Officer does what is right and what is legal, at all times. Soldiers want to know and learn a few things from their Non Commissioned Officers. They want to know if the are concerned about them or whether the Non Commissioned Officers focus is up the chain of command and promotion for him or herself or is the Non Commissioned Officers focus down the chain to where the soldiers are. As Non Commissioned Officers they should respect the soldiers the same way they want to be respected. In my opinion Non Commissioned Officers are here to lead, train, and care for†¦show more content†¦Not showing Non Commissioned Officers the proper respect can and will result in unnecessary trouble and could make you look bad in front of your other supervisors. Non Commissioned Officers represent the United States Army and their very existence allows the officers to plan, organize, lead, and direct combat operations. They have been proving themselves in combat since the Revolutionary War. Non Commissioned Officers are the ones who are directly responsible for those beneath them. A lieutenant may have the titular responsibility for the squad or platoon, but even then it s the Non Commissioned Officers who should be the ones that know these men inside and out. Non Commissioned Officers are responsible for that. He or she provides the Officer with a clear picture of what needs to be accomplished in order to have an effective force, and provides the lower enlisted with the direction to accomplish the mission. That is why they dont make just anybody a Non Commissioned Officer. A Non Commissioned Officer is the one who has been there, done that, and has the experience that most soldiers do not have yet. The Non Commissioned Officer is the backbone of the Army . They are the ones with the experience that is required to be a voice of reason. Often times, it requires a finite balance of leadership ability and good common sense to properly

Essay Marijuana Legalization and Regulation - 1508 Words

Since 2900 BC, Marijuana, has been used as a medication for people suffering from illnesses. The Chinese, Egyptian, Indian, Roman, as well as the Ancient Greece cultures became extremely interested in Marijuana’s healing properties when they realized that the drug helped treat people suffering from glaucoma, gout, cramped joints, violent pain, earaches, inflammation, leprosy, edema, and other diseases affecting the body (Deitch). The idea of using Marijuana as a healer became popular all around the World and by the 1900s, it was being used in South Asia to treat asthma, bronchitis, and the loss of appetite (â€Å"A Note on Marijuana†). Eleven years later however, Marijuana would be outlawed and prohibited, starting with the state of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The survey was conducted with more than 1,500 doctors and nearly 3,000 consumers and concluded that 69 percent of the doctors said that Marijuana can help with certain conditions and treatments, while only 52 percent of consumers expressed the same belief. Among the 69 percent of doctors that said Marijuana can help treat patients with certain conditions, 67 percent said that they believed Marijuana should be a treatment option for patients. Half of the doctors surveyed in the states where Marijuana isn’t legal said it should be legalized, as did 52 percent of the doctors in the states considering such laws† (Preidt). The support for legalizing Marijuana, though, seemed to be highest among oncologists (cancer specialists) and hematologists (blood disorder specialists). Within these two groups, 82 percent said that Marijuana can provide numerous benefits to the patients (Preidt). According to the WebMD/Medscape survey, the same percentage said that Marijuana should be a treatment option for patients (WebMD). Another study done, that tried to prove how popular the drug actually is, proved that Marijuana is the most commonly used drug in the United States. The s tudy was conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, and established that about 97.8% of Americans have admitted to smoking Marijuana at some point in their lifetime, making it the most widely usedShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization And Regulation Of Marijuana2123 Words   |  9 PagesMarijuana has had a long and sordid history in the United States. There is an ongoing debate in the country about the legalization and regulation of marijuana. The purpose of this report is to show the positive impact of the Federal legalization of marijuana. This report will show the benefits and drawbacks that will occur with Federal legalization. The first thing that will happen with legalization is the elimination of arrests for simple possession of marijuana. This will free up valuable lawRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana Should Be Legal930 Words   |  4 PagesSince the 1970’s, marijuana has increasingly taken the forefront as the next â€Å"socially harmless† drug of choice, akin to the likes of alcohol and tobacco. Many state legislatures have begun a decriminalization process, and in some cases, full legalization and regulation. Though the scope of the following research is not to discuss the differences in legislation, the broad spectrum between completely illegal and legal use of marijuana should be noted. Regulation varies greatly from incredibly restrictedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1384 Words   |  6 Pages When hearing the word marijuana, we instantly think a â€Å"dangerous drug,† because that is what we are taught growing up. That there are different types of drugs that are dange rous for us and will only harm our health and our future. Growing up with this information as children, we do not really have other reasoning so we just take in the information and accept it. This information which was given to us at a young age is only questioned after we start to age. If research is actually done in order toRead MoreEssay about Should We Legalize Marijuana in Canada?1081 Words   |  5 PagesTo Legalize or to Not Legalize: The Debate Behind Marijuana in Canada The legalization of marijuana is an issue that consistently discussed and debated, not only in North America, but throughout the entire world. Despite being illegal in every country, marijuana remains the most widely used illicit drug in the world. The popularity of this drug is the cause for the continuous legalization debate, resulting in various legislations pertaining to the consumption of the substance. Every country hasRead Morelegalizing marijuana1044 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Cannabis sativa or marijuana, is most known for its euphoric psychological effects when consumed. Many Canadians take part in the use of marijuana which has been illegal in Canada since the early 1900s. The topic of marijuana legalization in Canada has been a highly controversial topic over the last century. It has been discussed recently in the news due to Washington and Colorado both voting to legalize marijuana in November of 2012. The Liberal and Conservative partiesRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesrecreational use. In the United States, marijuana has been and continues to be a very controversial drug. Some states have allowed marijuana consumption for medicinal purposes, while others have completely outlawed the drug. Those who are against the legalization and regulation of marijuana suggest the economical and health risk associated with consumption of the drug are too high. Although there is risk involved with the legalization of the marijuana, ou r country has already been risking tooRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitution allowing for the legalization of medical marijuana. However, the amount of licensed medical marijuana card holders was small until 2009, when the U.S Attorney General gave the prosecution and legalization of marijuana over to the states. After this, the number of medical marijuana licenses increased greatly in Colorado. Then, in 2012, the sale of recreational marijuana was legalized in Colorado, to all those over the age of 21, and retail stores began selling marijuana in 2014 (Monte). PublicRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Should Be Legalized1432 Words   |  6 Pages The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many positive arguments to support the idea. It has been scientifically proven that marijuana is not a health risk and that it is less toxic than alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin. It has helped many people w ith health problems, such as, Aids, Cancer, Epilepsy, and many more. It would also bring in a large amount of tax revenue; further proving that marijuana should be legalized throughout the United States. ThereRead MoreLegalization Of Legalization For Recreational Marijuana1204 Words   |  5 Pagescalled Maryjane, Pot, Reefer, Ganga, Green and many other names, but this little plant seems to be causing a big controversy in recent decades. Can Marijuana really help us or is it a problem in the making? This question may seem simple, but in reality, it is more complex of an issue than we think. The opposing sides of legalization for recreational marijuana are so varied with many points of view to consider. Only a few of those views will be addressed in this article with simplified information to speakRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Legalization Of Marijuana951 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1971, President Richard Nixon declared war on drugs. Marijuana was one the drugs that Nixon tried to grasp a firm hold on. However in 2017, 29 states as well as DC, have laws legalizing marijuana in some form but some continue to fight their own war on drugs. The legalization of marijuana has health bene fits that help those with certain diseases while also helping the economy grow and the crime-rate of the United States decrease. Marijuana was first used legally for medical reasons in the state

Gangster Genre Essay Example For Students

Gangster Genre Essay Conveying it as being tradition, and the police where deceived as being bribe-able just like society. This gives a new measurement of crime as being ok, for instance the probation law in the 1920s was there to put a ban on alcohol where the consumer i. e. me and maybe you wanted to drink, but the government wouldnt allow this, so it was a big opening for crime to be put into action, but this ban really wasnt successful, so it was lifted because of people drinking illegally and the money lost from taxation of this. The main conventions are always there but, technology changes and so does society, but the foundation is always there for instance in the early 20s gangsters would be robbing Banks hijacking Trains. But today you see gangsters using supply and demands as an issue of their regime. Drugs, today the gangster move is about drugs. I mean comparing Once Upon A Time In America to Good Fellas both played by Robert De Nero one of the all time greats of gangsters, by looking at the different areas they with hold, Once Upon A Time In America was based around the early 20s and Good Fellas based around the late 70s. Once Upon A Time In America started off and finished as crime by gangsters being function-zed around robberys. While Good Fellas wouldnt be to complexes to be compared by itself, it starts off from the same principle but then Henry Hill introduces the element of drugs, where you can tell there is two clear cut barriers between crime. Henry Hill was never influenced but his pears but told to go the other way, but now drugs have revolutionized gangster films and gangster culture. Gangsters in gangster films, have often been cradled by their wife or girlfriend who embeds the audience affection for him, Good Fellas again is a good re-presentation of gangsters, but takes a different interpretation of 70s gangster era, in this film it was very acceptable for the gangster to be living larger then life having 3 women which has been referred to another gangster film new jack city which is a very recent film made in the 90s every man needs 3 women, a wife a mistress and a hoe Films sometimes try to take genre into a different wave length, for instance The God Father reworked this genre by using the flamboyant use of colour, and magical camera angle movement, which was enjoyed by musical fans but hated by none. It gave a sensational side to gangsters and gangster films, not just the early documentary type of filming. Another example of this is Quinton Tarentino also reworked the gangster genre in Dusk Till Down when starting off as a violent gangster film with George Clooney, and then reforming this into a horror film, as I have said gangster genre has been taken though many experimental aspects, which might be accepted by Tarentino film lovers which can be said is a totally different genre altogether. But people go to watch a film to see the same principle. I mean going to watch a Disney animated film people dont accept to see a sad ending where the rabbit is shot and killed, and his fear is sold, so ganger films most of the time do have the said base structure.

Different Cultures in Companies

Umberto eco essays

Umberto eco essays Umberto Eco, a very known novelist was born on January 5, 1932 in the Northwestern province of Piedmont. Umberto Eco got his name from the acronym for ex caelis oblatus, or offered by the heavens given to him by an inventive civil servant. His father, Guilo Eco was an accountant and a veteran of three wars forced Umberto to take up law. When the second World War broke out, eco and his mother moved to small Piedmontese village in the mountains. There, the young Eco watched the shoot out between the Facsists and the partisans with a mixture of emotions-undeniably excited at the action. He was partly regretful that he was to young to get involved. To pursue his fathers dream of him becoming a lawyer, he entered the University of Turin. After a while he abandoned his studies in law and pursued his dream and took up medieval philosophy and literature. He earned his doctorate in 1954. In 1956, he published his first book Il problema estetico in San Tommaso. In 1956 he already published his second book . After migrating to Milan in 1966 he also published Le poetische di Joyce:dall summa al Finnegans Wake and LA struttura assente (The absent Structure) By the later seventees, Eco had established a reputation as a semiotician. Different novels came after that such as The name of the Rose 1980, Foucaults Pendulum 1988, and The Island of the Day Before. In Six Walks in the Fictional Woods, Eco explores the intricacies of fictional form and method. Using examples ranging from fairy tales and Flaubert, eco draws us in b means of a novelists techniques, making us readers his collaborators in the creation of his text and in the investigation of some of fictions most basic mechanisms. Basically he shares with us his life as a reader. We see, hear, and feel eco the passionate reader who has gotten lost over and over again in the woods, loved i...

Hiring for Success Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hiring for Success - Research Paper Example Such managers end up choosing the wrong individuals for the jobs. To avoid such problems, the managers should be aware of the consequences of being overconfident during the decision making process. Additionally, they should judge individuals based on their abilities and not their perceptions (Draft & Marcic, 2006). According to Draft & Marcic (2006), some managers also make wrong choices during the hiring process because they â€Å"see what they want to see† (Draft & Marcic, 2006). Such managers already know what is right according to them, and when interviewing people, they look for what support their instincts in the interviewees (Klayman, Larrick & Health, 2000). This form of bias affects evaluation of information because managers focus on what they know than what they do not know. To avoid this, managers have to be honest about their motives meaning that they should study the evidence equally (Draft & Marcic, 2006). The hiring procedure can also be affected by the past impression. This is because most people focus on the initial information they get when making decisions. The first impressions affect the managers’ subsequent judgments (Klayman, Larrick & Health, 2000). For instance, in most interviews, managers judge the interviewees by their first impression. If they mess during the initial process, this makes them fail the interviews even if they do perfectly in the remaining parts of the interviews. To avoid this, managers should cease relying on the past information to avoid wrong predictions and misguided decisions (Draft & Marcic,

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story Research Paper - 1

Theme and Narrative Elements in the Short Story - Research Paper Example Thus, Eudora Welty abruptly and effectively introduces the time of year (December) and the geographic location (the South) at the beginning section of the story, apart from identifying the main character, an old Negro woman (Phoenix Jackson). Setting plays a crucial role in Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† as it is effective in stimulating the reader’s imagination at the initial stage of the story. In fact, the opening five paragraphs of the story offer an introduction to the setting and the readers are carried away to the world of the narrative. â€Å"It was December—a bright frozen day in the early morning. Far out in the country there was an old Negro woman with her head tied red rag, coming along a path through the pinewoods. Her name was Phoenix Jackson.† (Welty, 1941). This is the way the author opens her story and a detailed description of the character follows in the succeeding sections. It is important to recognize that the setting of the story i s a rural, a cold, early morning in December in the South. A careful analysis of the setting of the story confirms that the storywriter effectively puts boundaries around the action when she introduces the South as the geographic location and December as the time of year in which the action occurs.

The four levels of measurements

The four levels of measurements The four levels of measurements 1. Explain briefly how you would use number properties to describe the four levels of measurements. Answer: Measurements can be classified into four different types of scales. These are: Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Nominal scale: Nominal measurement consists of assigning items to groups or categories. No quantitative information is conveyed and no ordering of the items is implied. Religious preference, race, and sex are all examples of nominal scales. Frequency distributions are usually used to analyze data measured on a nominal scale. Categorical data and numbers that are simply used as identifiers or names represent a nominal scale of measurement. Numbers on the back of a baseball jersey and social security number are examples of nominal data. At the nominal scale, i.e., for a nominal category, one uses labels; for example, rocks can be generally categorized as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. For this scale some valid operations are equivalence and set membership. Nominal measures offer names or labels for certain characteristics. The central tendency of a nominal attribute is given by its mode; neither the mean nor the median can be defined. Ordinal scale: An ordinal scale is a measurement scale that assigns values to objects based on their ranking with respect to one another. For example, a doctor might use a scale of 0-10 to indicate degree of improvement in some condition, from 0 (no improvement) to 10 (disappearance of the condition). An ordinal scale of measurement represents an ordered series of relationships or rank order. Individuals competing in a contest may be fortunate to achieve first, second, or third place. First, second, and third place represent ordinal data. In this scale type, the numbers assigned to objects or events represent the rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.) of the entities assessed. An example of ordinal measurement is the results of a horse race, which say only which horses arrived first, second, third, etc. but include no information about times.: The central tendency of an ordinal attribute can be represented by its mode or its median, but the mean cannot be defined. Interval scale: Quantitative attributes are all measurable on interval scales, as any difference between the levels of an attribute can be multiplied by any real number to exceed or equal another difference. A highly familiar example of interval scale measurement is temperature with the Celsius scale. In this particular scale, the unit of measurement is 1/100 of the difference between the melting temperature and the boiling temperature of water at atmospheric pressure. The zero point on an interval scale is arbitrary; and negative values can be used. The formal mathematical term is an affine space (in this case an affine line). Variables measured at the interval level are called interval variables or sometimes scaled variables as they have units of measurement. Ratios between numbers on the scale are not meaningful, so operations such as multiplication and division cannot be carried out directly. But ratios of differences can be expressed; for example, one difference can be twice another. The central tendency of a variable measured at the interval level can be represented by its mode, its median, or its arithmetic mean. Statistical dispersion can be measured in most of the usual ways, which just involved differences or averaging, such as range, inter quartile range, and standard deviation. Since one cannot divide, one cannot define measures that require a ratio, such as studentized range or coefficient of variation. More subtly, while one can define moments about the origin, only central moments are useful, since the choice of origin is arbitrary and not meaningful. One can define standardized moments, since ratios of differences are meaningful, but one cannot define coefficient of variation, since the mean is a moment about the origin, unlike the standard deviation, which is (the square root of) a central moment Ratio scale: The ratio scale of measurement is the most informative scale. It is an interval scale with the additional property that its zero position indicates the absence of the quantity being measured. You can think of a ratio scale as the three earlier scales rolled up in one. The ratio scale of measurement is similar to the interval scale in that it also represents quantity and has equality of units. However, this scale also has an absolute zero (no numbers exist below the zero). A ratio scale is a measurement scale in which a certain distance along the scale means the same thing no matter where on the scale you are, and where 0 on the scale represents the absence of the thing being measured. Most measurement in the physical sciences and engineering is done on ratio scales. Mass, length, time, plane angle, energy and electric charge are examples of physical measures that are ratio scales. The scale type takes its name from the fact that measurement is the estimation of the ratio between a magnitude of a continuous quantity and a unit magnitude of the same kind. Informally, the distinguishing feature of a ratio scale is the possession of a non-arbitrary zero value. For example, the Kelvin temperature scale has a non-arbitrary zero point of absolute zero, which is denoted 0K and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius. This zero point is non arbitrary as the particles that compose matter at this temperature have zero kinetic energy. All statistical measures can be used for a variable measured at the ratio level, as all necessary mathematical operations are defined. The central tendency of a variable measured at the ratio level can be represented by, in addition to its mode, its median, or its arithmetic mean, also its geometric mean or harmonic mean. In addition to the measures of statistical dispersion defined for interval variables, such as range and standard deviation, for ratio variables one can also define measures that require a ratio, such as studentized range or coefficient of variation. 2. Define the terms direct measurement and indirect measurement. Describe briefly how you would make profit of indirect measurement in psychological traits. Answer: There are 2 types of measurement techniques are developed in order to measure quality or characteristics of attributes. First one is quantitative and second is qualitative. Quantitative can be measured directly and qualitative can not be measured directly. The height and weight of a person can be measured directly with scales in feet/meter, kilogram. But qualitative variable cannot be measured with scales such as feet, meter, kilogram etc. For example, Kindness, love and intelligence of a person can not be measured directly. Indirect measurement can be used for these cases. To measure this type of cases different indirect measures like answer to questions, IQ tests can be used. Indirect measurements are mostly used in social science. Richness, happiness, good life, poverty etc can be measured with the support of different indirect indicators. In order to measure psychological traits we use behaviors as a basis for measurement. Qualities of an individual can be measured indirectly through psychological testing by developing indicators. In standard psychological test we develop the set of standard as questionnaire or guidance fro scoring the attributes or traits. We largely use objective types of question and interpret according to the guidance of answering. Human behavior can not measure as physical measurement like height, weight. The qualitative aspects like perception, emotion, retention etc can be measured through indirect measurement, which is based on some pre-defined set of standards. 3. What will happen if you use ordinary measurement as though they were interval or ratio measurement? Ordinary data is non parametric data and interval and ratio are parametric data. Therefore we dont use ordinary measurement if the data are in interval or ratio measurement. They differ from each other. To ensure measurement more reliable, selection of appropriate statistical tools according to the nature of data is important. If we use interval/ratio measurement when the data are ordinal scales it may leads false decision. 4. Which method census or sampling do you prefer the most for describing the reality of Nepali classroom teaching learning? Explain in brief. Answer: Sampling method is more applicable than the census method for describing the reality of Nepali classroom teaching learning. To study about promotion, failure and drop out rate, census method can be used. However for the reality presentation, census method can not be convenient. Through the census method each and every unit of the population can be taken into consideration. But it will be highly time and money consuming. Sampling method will make all process faster with less cost. While taking the sample size there is more important of inclusion and representation in the sampling i.e. ethnic group, caste, religion, , geographic zone, and gender, etc. Through educational perspective different grades, private and public school/college suppose to be included. The sample size should more representatives. 5. in a group of 50 children, the 8 children who took longer than 3 hours to complete a performance test in sent-up test were marked as DNC (did not complete). In computing a measure of central tendency for this distribution of scores, what measure we should use and why? Median can be used in computing a measure of central tendency for the distribution of score as mentioned in the question. Median is not affected by extreme values. Arithmetic mean is affected by extreme values. As Median is the positional average, we can get the correct value of central tendency. 6. Give some examples where you need geometric and harmonic mean. Give geometrical interpretation of A.M., G.M. and H.M. Answer: Geometric Mean (G.M): Geometric Mean (G.M) is widely used in averaging ratios and percentages and is computing average rates of increase or decrease. It is also advantageously used in the construction of index numbers. G.M. gives equal weights to equal ratios of change. It is also used to compute the average rate of growth or reduction of population or average increase or decrease of production, profit, sales etc. When we require to give more weight to smaller items and smaller weight to larger (e.g. Social and economic problems) G.M can be used. Harmonic Mean (H.M.): Harmonic Mean (H.M.) is used in computing the averages relating to the rates and ratios such as velocity speed etc., where time factor is the variable. It also can be used for making Human Development Indicator (HDI). Geometrical interpretation of A.M., G.M., and H.M. Let AD = a, DB = b Then represents the radius of the semi circle. Hence radius OP = , which gives the value of A.M. Similarly radius OQ = , Now OD = b = Now DQ2 = OQ2 OD2 = { }2 { }2 = ab Hence, DQ = , which represents G.M. Now, in the right angled triangle ODM, DM2 = OD2 OM2 And in right angled triangle DMQ, DM2 = DQ2 MQ2 Hence, OD2 OM2 = DQ2 MQ2 Here, OQ = . Let OM = x, then MQ = x {}2 x2 = ab { x}2 For solving, x = Hence, MQ = = , which represents H.M. From above it is clear that OP = A.M., DQ = G.M. MQ = H.M. From the figure, it is clear that OP > DQ > MQ. Hence, we can say that A.M. > G.M. > H.M.H 7. Give geometrical meaning of the formula used for Median and Mode for grouped data. Answer.: Geometrical meaning of the formula used for Median: Let consider the following continuous frequency distribution, (x1 < x2 < xn+1). Class interval: x1 x2 , x2 x3, . xk xk+1, . xn xn+1 Frequency: f1 f2 fk fn The cumulative frequency distribution is given by: Class interval: x1 x2 , x2 x3, . xk xk+1, . xn xn+1 frequency : F1 F2 Fk Fn Where, Fi = f1 + f2 + ..+ fi-1. The class xk xk+1 is the median class if and only if Fk-1 < N/2 < Fk. Now, if we assume that the variate values are uniformly distributed over the median class which implies that the ogive is a straight line in the median class, then we get from the fig.1, tan = i.e. or or, = Where is the frequency and h the magnitude of the median class. Hence, BS = Hence, Median = OT = OP + PT = OP + BS = l + This is the required formula. Geometrical meaning of the formula used for Median: Let us consider the continuous frequency distribution: Class interval : x1 x2 , x2 x3, . xk xk+1, . xn xn+1 frequency : f1 f2 fk fn If fk is the maximum of all the frequencies, then the modal class is (xk xk-1). Let us further consider a portion of the histogram, namely, the rectangle erected on the modal class and the two adjacent classes. The modal is the value of x for which the frequency curve has a maxima. Let the modal point be Q (fig. 2) From the figure, we have tanß = and tana = or, or, , where h is the magnitude of the model class. Thus solving for LM, we get LM = Hence, Mode = OQ = OP + PQ = OP + LM = l + 8. Squaring deviations and then taking squares seems to be useless. Why do we use square? Answer: Squaring deviation and then taking squares seems to be useless however actually it has certain meaning like the squaring of the deviations (x-x) removes the drawbacks of ignoring signs of the deviations in computation of mean deviation. Taking the sign into consideration we obtain positive values always when squared. But squaring gives aunit that isthe square of theunit the quantity is measured in. This step provides it suitable for further mathematical treatment. 9. Study the following summary statistics of the scores of two graders VI and VII. Now give your answer to the following questions and give figures to support your answers. a. Which class had the larger number of pupils? Answer: Grade VI had larger number of pupils. b. Which class on the average had the higher scores? Answer: Grade VII on the average had the higher scores. c. In which class were the scores more scattered? (Given four different statistics to show the difference in scatter.) Answer: For Grade VI, the scores are more scattered. The four different measures to show the difference in scatter ness are as follows: Interquartile range Coefficient of S.D. Coefficient of M.D. from mean Coefficient of variation 9. Are the distributions of scores about the mean symmetrical? What is your evidence? If not, which class has high scores not balanced by similar low scores? The distribution of scores about the mean in both classes are not symmetrical as we can find Mean = Median = Mode is not satisfied for both the grades. In grade VI, since Mean < Median Median > Mode, it is positively skewed. That is there is greater variation towards the higher values of the variables. 10. Take one distributed data grouped into different frequencies and calculate different measure of central tendencies (Arithmetic mean, Median, and mode) and measures of dispersion (Q.D., MD, and SD). Give your judgments about your data concerning to symmetry. Answer: Suppose, the weights of 50 students of a class are classified below. For Mean; Mean = A + = 65- = 64.87 Hence, Mean =64.87 For Median; Hence, Median lies in the class 60-70 Median = = 60+=66.2 Hence, Median=66.2 For Mode; Since maximum frequency occurs at two classes, so the given distribution is a bimodal distribution. So, Mode =3 median-2 mean =3*66.87-2*64.87 =198.6-129.74=68.86 Hence, Mode=68.86 For Quartile Deviation; Position of Q1= Hence First Quartile (Q1) lies in the interval 50-60 Now, Q1 = 50+ Hence, First Quartile (Q1)= 57.28 Position of Q3= Hence Third Quartile (Q3) lies in the interval 70-80 Again, Q3 = =70+ =73.62 Now, QD= ==8.17 Hence, Quartile Deviation (QD) = 8.17 For Mean Deviations; Mean deviation from mean Calculation of Standard Deviations Now, N = 75, ÃŽ £fd = -1 ÃŽ £fd2 = 89 = = =1.08*10 =10.81 To identify Symmetry Here, Mean = 64.87 Median = 66.2 Mode = 68.86 Hence, the curve is not symmetrical. Calculation of Skewness Sk = is negative skewed.

Abolish the Death Penalty :: essays research papers

It was November 2 of 1998 and I woke up that morning and to my surprise the television was on. I see my mother sitting there watching CNN and saying how wrong the death penalty was as she was watching John Stevinson be put to death. She said how cruel these people were for doing such a thing. I remember feeling that I didn’t know what was wrong with these people and now I realize how wrong killing really is. For one to commend a crime and loose so much in return proves no point and yet an infantile result to a critical problem one of which is so multifaceted and out thought is just morally and corruptly erroneous. To the surprise of many, the United States government does not only put to death adults but also minors. In the United States at least 160 children have been executed by the death penalty since 1973. Children shouldn’t have the same punishments as an eighteen year old. First off, there is a possibility of rehabilitating minors greater than the adults. Children may still need to be punished, but taking a child’s life for making a wrong, stupid, and a bad decision just isn’t right. Members of the government should consider how they would punish their own child, especially if they were mentally challenged or had some other unique circumstance. Two out of three kids sent to death row are children of a different gender and or race. This is a big example of racism and discrimination. Not only kids are treated this way but also the adults. Out of all the 160 minors, executed, only two were girls, which is another example of discrimination against boy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion is yet another big part when it comes to the death penalty. Many people who believe in it mustn’t know what the Bible says about death and killing. This is murder and the Bible says no to ANY slaughter. In the Bible, the 5th Commandment states that, â€Å"Thou shall not kill.† As a Christian I believe in the 5th Commandment and see that killing doesn’t make better, yet worse. It’s massacre! If one kills another, no matter what reason, nor excuse, you are murdering them by just clearly taking their life. The Bible also has a story on the saying, â€Å"Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth.

Richard Gregory Rust hadn’t always been ‘Mr. Old School’

No. Hard as it is to comprehend in today's World of airborn luchadores and chair-wielding bump-machines, Richard's nonchalant style of wrestling was once the universal norm. He didn't need to refer to himself as â€Å"Old School†, because, at the time, what he was doing wasn't old at all. It was, in fact, state-of-the-art. Fresh. Dare I say – he was considered â€Å"New-School†. He sighed. Boy, how things had changed. His two oak-toned eyes glared at the images beaming out of the TV screen. They had seen a lot in their fifty years on this Earth, yet what they currently observed before them was a struggle to comprehend: A young-looking, frail-framed male – clad in an extravagant mask and a UCW T-shit – dove gallantly over an official UCW ring's top rope, landing onto another similar looking lad, who – quite obviously – waited to catch him on the outside. They called it a plancha. He called it bullshit. It made no sense to him, at all. ‘Why had the art of professional wrestling become nothing more than a glorified circus show?' he asked himself – no doubt, not feeling too dissimilar to the great Stu Hart when he exclaimed â€Å"that's a great way to break your neck†, after watching a clip of his grand-nephew, Teddy Hart, perform a triple-jump four-fifty moonsault†¦ Or something along those lines. Ricky Rust, however, was hardly quick-witted or half as nifty with words as Stu Hart was – and, so, simply settled on exclaiming: â€Å"Fucking hell, that's stupid†. â€Å"Heh† – It was somewhere in between a giggle and a laugh. Simon restricted himself from all-out cackling, as he didn't wish to seem as though he was in agreement. â€Å"Now, now, Ricky. Don't be like that. I know it all looks very different to what you're used to, but it'll grow on you. Trust me.† He assured; but his heart wasn't really into it. Deep down, he knew that what he was saying wasn't entirely true. Simon Isosceles was merely a sports agent. And not a professional wrestling-specific one, either. Ricky Rust was simply one of the many clients contained within his black book. In actually fact – Simon never really understood what the appeal to wrestling was; but – being dedicated to job, and loyal individual – he put his all into catering for Rust's need. Never-the-less, he was merely a sports agent – yet, even he could sense that UCW wasn't really the right place for â€Å"Mr. Old School†, Ricky Rust. But he had a way of being forever optimistic. â€Å"That's just the lighter guys' division. There's more on the tape, y'know.† He chirped; piping up again, and trying to drag Ricky into a similar mind-frame. â€Å"There'll be som'in' you like. Dave said there's some technical stuff at the end.† Ricky wasn't buying it. Plonking himself on the cream, leather sofa beside the twenty-seven year veteran; Simon snatched the remote controller and jammed down on the fast forward button. The duet sat in silence for a moment, as the images on the screen whizzed forward at a faster pace than they already had been. â€Å"Here it is† Simon began again; releasing the forwards button, and letting the UCW promotion tape return to it's usual pace. Ricky watched as a round grappler – boasting a pair of shorts and matching kickpads – snatched his opponent's thin arms into a Full Nelson. Then, proceeded to pop his hips forward, arch his back and heave his foe backwards†¦ sending him over his own head†¦ and †¦ landing right on his neck. â€Å"Ooh† Ricky couldn't help but release an audible gasp. He promptly filled the now empty space in his lungs with silvery nicotine smoke. As the sound of the tape's commentators nattering away about â€Å"Dragon Suplexes† and â€Å"Stiff American Strong-Style† buzzed irritating on his eardrum, Ricky casually exhaled; before dryly stating: â€Å"So that's what passes for technical wrestling these days†. He put the cigarette to his lips once more. â€Å"Oh, come on Rick. Show some enthusiasm. This is probably an old tape, anyway. UCW's probably different, now. Probably more†¦y'know†¦ your style† Was Simon's last ditch attempt at getting Ricky interested. And â€Å"†¦Probably† was Ricky's flat reply. The conversation was over. No more was, or could, be said to attempt to change the aged wrestler's mind. That's just the way Ricky Rust was – Ridged. Deeply set in his ways. But he was going into UCW. Underground Championship Wrestling. A place that claims to be â€Å"A break from Tradition†. And as Simon settled into the sofa to watch the rest of the tape; he couldn't help but wonder if a man like Ricky could ever bring himself to adapt. ‘He better', Simon thought. Because if he couldn't†¦He wouldn't even stand a chance.

Social Class and Family Groups in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

How far do you think Harper Lee has effectively shown social class and family groups to be important at that time? The rigid class structure and social stratification of Maycomb County had a profound effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The impact of this class structure was especially evident in the trial of Tom Robins on, a Maycomb Negro. The extreme prejudice of the town eventually led to the unjust conviction of Robinson for a crime he did not commit. Family groups were also seen to be important. This is evident when a fire breaks out in Maycomb and the whole community comes together, just like one big family. They put all their differences aside in order to help one of the much loved†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that the difference between the second and third class was not a financial one. Both were poor. The difference, however, was in the way they interacted in the society. The Cunninghams, unlike the Ewells, refused to accept any kind of charity and paid back their debts with what little they had. The Cunninghams were also different from the Ewells because they did not take advantage of Negroes. The fourth and lowest class in Maycomb was best described as a caste because it was impossible to escape from it. All blacks were included in this group. Prejudice ran deep in Maycomb County. Although many classes existed within the black community, one of colour must always be in the lowest class. The majority of the black people had very little money, which is obviously a great contrast from people such as Atticus Finch. The blacks lived apart from the whites in their own section of town and seemed to have a society separate from the whites. Reasons for this conflict could be because of the matters that occurred during the American Civil War. In U.S. history, the conflict (1861–65) between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states formed the well-known civil war. It is generally known in the South as the War Between the States and is also called the War of the Rebellion, the War of Secession, and the War for Southern Independence. The name Civil War, although much criticised asShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Is A Dominant Theme Within The Film Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1342 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual merit or assessing their circumstances, stereotypical assumptions are made. Discrimination can occur to anyone, but is prevalent in groups such as race, social class, and gender; throughout American history, the discrimination of these groups was commonplace and a widely accepted behaviour. 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